In all cases of transverse myelitis, physicians will evaluate possible underlying causes such as MS, NMOSD, or sarcoidosis, since most people with these underlying conditions can experience a relapse or worsen when acute treatment is discontinued. The term Causes of transverse myelitis include infections, immune system disorders, and other disorders that may damage or destroy myelin, the fatty white insulating substance that covers nerve cell fibers. Other NIND-funded investigators are focusing on mechanisms and interventions designed to increase oligodendrocyte proliferation and remyelination after spinal cord injury. "Mayo," "Mayo Clinic," "MayoClinic.org," "Mayo Clinic Healthy Living," and the triple-shield Mayo Clinic logo are trademarks of Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. Those with severe attacks sometimes are left with major disabilities.Signs and symptoms of transverse myelitis usually develop over a few hours to a few days and may sometimes progress gradually over several weeks.Transverse myelitis usually affects both sides of the body below the affected area of the spinal cord, but sometimes there are symptoms on just one side of the body.Call your doctor or get emergency medical care if you're experiencing signs and symptoms of transverse myelitis.
Some individuals will have only one episode of transverse myelitis; other individuals may have a recurrence, especially if an underlying illness caused the disorder.There is no cure for transverse myelitis. Examples of underlying disorders that may require long-term treatment include multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica. It could also be caused by other myelin disorders, such as multiple sclerosis. Other problems to rule out include herniated or slipped discs, stenosis (narrowing of the canal that holds the spinal cord), abscesses, abnormal collections of blood vessels, and vitamin deficiencies. This neurological disorder often damages the insulating material covering nerve cell fibers (myelin).Transverse myelitis interrupts the messages that the spinal cord nerves send throughout the body. This can cause pain, muscle weakness, paralysis, sensory problems, or bladder and bowel dysfunction.There are many different causes of transverse myelitis, including infections and immune system disorders that attack the body's tissues. However, some people with neuromyelitis optica don't experience eye-related problems and might have only recurrent episodes of transverse myelitis.Transverse myelitis associated with an autoimmune disorder may be a warning sign of neuromyelitis optica.
Multiple studies are looking at ways to target different components of the immune system known to be involved in NMOSD to allow more directly targeted treatment of this disease.The NINDS also funds research using animal models of spinal cord injury aimed at replacing or regenerating spinal cord nerve cells. This new approach may assess changes in lesions and otherwise normal appearing myelin, as well as address the neurological dysfunction in MS and possibly other myelin disorders such as transverse myelitis. For some people, recovery may continue for up to 2 years (and in some cases, longer). Individuals with lasting neurological defects from transverse myelitis typically consult with a range of rehabilitation specialists, who may include physiatrists (physicians specializing in physical medicine and rehabilitation), physical therapists, occupational therapists, vocational therapists, and mental health care professionals.Most people with transverse myelitis have at least partial recovery, with most recovery taking place within the first 3 months after the attack. Cases in which a cause cannot be identified are called idiopathic. Neuromyelitis optica occurs more frequently in people with other autoimmune diseases.People with transverse myelitis usually experience only one episode. Transverse myelitis is an inflammation of both sides of one section of the spinal cord. Sub-Types of Myelitis (Longitudinally Extensive and Partial Myelitis) Within the category of idiopathic TM, it may be of further value to distinguish between acute partial TM, acute complete TM and longitudinally extensive TM (LETM), since these syndromes … This neurological disorder often damages the insulating material covering nerve cell fibers (myelin).Transverse myelitis interrupts the messages that the spinal cord nerves send throughout the body. Strength and functioning may improve with rehabilitative services, even years after the initial episode. These individuals should be treated with preventative care to reduce the chance of future relapses.
It is estimated that about 1,400 new cases of transverse myelitis are diagnosed each year in the United States.Although some people recover from transverse myelitis with minor or no residual problems, the healing process may take months to years.
People with transverse myelitis may have weakness in the legs that progresses rapidly.
However, looking for a cause is important, as some will change treatment decisions. NINDS-funded scientists hope to develop a better understanding of the molecular control of central nervous system myelination and remyelination by studying the The discovery of aquaporin-4 IgG, an antibody that binds to a type of protein called a water channel that is found on the surface of specialized central nervous system cells called astrocytes, has led to increased interest in their role in transverse myelitis of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD). Some people recover completely and then experience a relapse. Four classic features of transverse myelitis are: Weakness of the legs and arms . Most people with transverse myelitis recover at least partially. Scientists are also developing brain-machine interfaces and neural prostheses to help people with spinal cord damage regain functions by bypassing the injury site.
Treatment of MS with immumodulatory or immunosuppressant medications may be considered when it is the cause of myelitis.
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