Gertrude Belle Elion (23. jaanuar 1918 New York – 21. veebruar 1999) oli USA biokeemik ja farmakoloog, kes 1988. aastal pälvis koos James Blacki ja George Hitchingsiga Nobeli füsioloogia- või meditsiiniauhinna.. Gertrude sündis juudi immigrantide peres. See our Network with colleagues and access the latest research in your fieldLaunch and grow your career with career services and resourcesPromoting excellence in science education and outreachFind a chemistry community of interest and connect on a local and global level.Explore the interesting world of science with articles, videos and more.Recognizing and celebrating excellence in chemistry and celebrate your achievementsFunding to support the advancement of the chemical sciences through research projects.ACS is committed to helping combat the global COVID-19 pandemic with initiatives and free resources.
To get the best possible experience using our website, we recommend that you upgrade to latest version of this browser or install another web browser. Elion decided to focus on understanding the metabolism of the drug to come up with a better solution.Previously that year, she had discovered a close relative of 6-MP called thioguanine.
Gertrude Belle Elion (n. 23 ianuarie 1918, New York, New York, SUA – d. 21 februarie 1999, Chapel Hill, Carolina de Nord, Carolina de Nord, SUA) a fost o specialistă americană în biochimie și farmacologie. Thioguanine is also used to treat acute myelocytic leukemia (AML) in adults.In addition to 6-MP, Elion went on to discover a series of drugs that attack the life cycle of nucleic acid, including allopurinol—which inhibits uric acid synthesis, making it a viable treatment for gout—and azathioprine (Imuran), an effective immunosuppressive drug. In testing, mouse tumors failed to grow, and treated mice live twice as long as those left untreated. This enabled her to save money for graduate work at New York University, where she was the only woman in her chemistry classes.Elion completed her masters degree in 1941, but it wasn’t until 1944 that she would be hired as a research chemist by Johnson & Johnson. Gertrude "Trudy" Belle Elion (January 23, 1918 – February 21, 1999) was an American biochemist and pharmacologist, who shared the 1988 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with George H. Hitchings and Sir James Black for their use of innovative methods of rational drug design for the development of new drugs. There she was first the assistant and then the colleague of Hitchings, with whom she worked for the next four decades. She also enrolled as a doctoral student at Brooklyn Polytechnic Institute (now Polytechnic Institute of New York University), where she took evening courses. Today, this method—along with maintenance therapy—is responsible for curing 80 percent of children with Leukemia. Gertrude Belle Elion (Nueva York, 23 de xineru de 1918-Chapel Hill, Carolina del Norte; 21 de febreru de 1999) foi una bioquímica y farmacóloga estauxunidense, que recibió en 1988 el Premiu Nobel de Fisioloxía y Medicina polos sos descubrimientos de los principios clave sobre'l desenvolvimientu y el tratamientu de medicamento». They soon discovered, from observing the role of purines in nucleic acid metabolism, that bacterial cells require certain purines to make DNA. Gertrude Elion and George Hitchings working in the Laboratory Her discovery of azathioprine was extremely important to medicine, because it made possible for people with compromised immune systems to receive organ transplants without their body rejecting them.In the 1960s, Hitchings and Elion also found more success in combating infectious diseases by targeting bacterial and viral DNA: the development of pyramethamine, used to treat malaria; and trimethoprim (Septra), which treats meningitis, septicemia, and bacterial infections of the urinary and respiratory tracts.On the heels of Hitchings’ retirement in 1967, Elion became head of the Department of Experimental Therapy. Testing the compound arabinosyldiaminopurine, Elion and her assistants altered sidechains to produce a more active compound to interfere with the replication of the herpes virus.The approach proved successful with the synthesis of acycloguanosine, also known as acyclovir (Zovirax). Gertrude Elion (1918–1999) and colleague George Hitchings (1905–1998) went off the beaten path of trial-and-error drug development to revolutionize drug making. This work proved that drugs can be selective. Gertrude Belle Elion (Nueva York, 1918 - Chapel Hill, 1999) Bioquímica y farmacóloga estadounidense. Elion decided to dedicate her life to medicine after the deaths of her grandfather from stomach cancer and fiancÉ from an inflammation of the heart lining. Hitchings hypothesized that by preventing those purines from entering the metabolic pathway that leads to DNA synthesis, they could stop the production of DNA and thereby stop cell growth.Along the way, Elion published 225 papers on her findings.
While volunteering in a chemistry lab that could only offer her a dishwashing job, an opportunity opened up at Burroughs Wellcome Company.
His approach was to observe the differences in nucleic acid (DNA and RNA) metabolism among protozoa, normal human cells, and abnormal cells (e.g., cancer cells, bacteria and viruses).Hoping to develop drugs that selectively block the growth of cancer cells and poisonous organisms, Hitchings assigned Elion to investigate organic compounds called purines—specifically, the purine bases adenine and guanine, which are building blocks of DNA. Gertrude Belle Elion (23 janar 1918 - 21 shkurt 1999) ishte një biokimiste amerikane dhe farmakologe, e cila ndau Çmimin Nobel të vitit 1988 në Fiziologji ose Mjekësi me George H. Hitchings dhe Sir James Black. Elion completed her masters degree in 1941. For their work, they were awarded the 1988 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. That would seal her fate as a recipient of the distinguished Nobel Prize.
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gertrude elion biographie