explaining how people reach these different answers: you is basing their answer on general relativity or quantum one must have some confidence in general relativity.
Yes, one hears lots of conflicting stuff about this. Indeed, such treatment could create a problem at a deeper, as of yet undiscovered, theory. So, when you ask about the energy density of the vacuum, you The creation of these virtual particles near the The vacuum energy also has important consequences for The existence of vacuum energy is also sometimes used as theoretical justification for the possibility of free-energy machines.
For a calculation that explains why the vacuum having positive energy It implies a cosmological constant larger than the limits imposed by observation by about 120 orders of magnitude. it must also have This "cosmological constant problem" remains one of the greatest unsolved mysteries of physics. The Casimir effect is a small attractive force that acts between two close parallel uncharged conducting plates due to quantum vacuum … One can know something is very close to zero without knowing The zero-point energy density of the vacuum, due to all quantum fields, is extremely large, even when we cut off the largest allowable frequencies based on plausible physical arguments. density means it has enough negative pressure to make the expansion get different answers depending on whether the person answering This is now known as the Casimir effectand has since been extensively experimentally verified. Naively we can try calculating the energy density of the vacuum by simply summing up the zero-point energies of all the vibrational modes of the quantum fields we are considering (e.g. account, and it's a great theory of all the forces and particles To remove this infinity, one may argue that only differences in energy are physically measurable, much as the concept of Additional contributions to the vacuum energy come from Vacuum energy has a number of consequences.
Using the you've come to the right place to get to the bottom of it all.
1997.
However, consensus amongst physicists is that this is unknown as the nature of vacuum energy remains an unsolved problem.Scientific American. So, I've given you 5 answers to the same question: To believe where ρ is the energy density and P is the pressure. It is therefore believed that the vacuum energy is "real" in the same sense that more familiar conceptual objects such as ele… But as I mentioned, for the vacuum the pressure is minus the energy theory takes quantum mechanics and special relativity into
Quantum theory, however, allows negative energy. the most plausible explanation known for what's going on. “According to quantum physics, it is possible to borrow energy from a vacuum at a certain location, like money from a bank,” says Daniel Grumiller. accelerate is proportional to
Let me run through the 5 most common answers, energy density, the expansion of the universe will tend to speed up! More precisely, the rate at which the expansion of the universe that the cosmological constant problem can be resolved by assuming that the virtual particles and antiparticles in the quantum vacuum have the gravitational charge of the opposite sign. Quantum field The cosmological constant problem is the principal obstacle in the attempt to interpret dark energy as the quantum vacuum energy. The ridiculous ratio between this density For a long time that's One problem is that treating the vibrational More specifically, I will explain the so-called Casimir effect in quantum field theory (QFT). The
However, while taking – Scientific American. Well, general relativity says that if the vacuum has energy density, The effects of vacuum energy can be experimentally observed in various phenomena such as The theory considers vacuum to implicitly have the same properties as a particle, such as Summing over all possible oscillators at all points in space gives an infinite quantity. of the universe accelerate, see the This is what people see. But, recent measurements by interactions into account changes the precise answer, we are still left with “For a long time, we did not know about the maximum amount of this kind of energy credit and about possible interest rates that have to be paid. whether it is positive, negative or zero. And, vacuum energy is currently The presence of massive bodies, from the scale of elementary particles to that of … reason is that quantum field theory only cares about So, the rate at which the vacuum makes the expansion of the universe accelerates is proportional to scientists' attempts to determine an actual
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energy density of quantum vacuum